Midrasch zu Könige II 17:9

(Lev. 26:3:) “If you walk in My statutes….” This text is related (to Hos. 9:17), “My God will reject them because they did not heed Him….” The Holy One, blessed be He, said, “I have said that you would be set in security, as stated (in Amos 9:15), ‘And when I plant them in their land, [they shall never again be uprooted]….’ When? (Lev.: 26:3, 5:) ‘If you walk in My statutes […] You shall eat your fill of bread.’ But you did not so act.” Instead (according to II Kings 17:9), “The Children of Israel attributed things which were not right to the Lord.” [So] I have also set upon you things which I did not write in My Torah. [It is so stated] (in Deut. 28:61), “Moreover [the Lord will bring upon you] every disease and every plague which is not written [in this book of the Torah].” Now what were the “things they attributed, which were not right to the Lord?” As Isaiah said (in Is. 1:4), “They have forsaken the Lord […];” do not say, “They have forsaken ('zbw) [Me],” but “They,” as it were, “have made me worth forsaking ('yzbw) (i.e., caused me to be cruel).” Now I was called (in Exod. 34:6), “The Lord, the Lord, a merciful and gracious God.” But through their sins, they have made Me cruel and changed My trait of mercy to cruelty, as stated (in Lam. 2:5), “The Lord has become like an enemy, He swallowed Israel.” It also says (in Is. 63:10), “But they rebelled, and grieved His holy spirit; then He became their enemy, and Himself made war against them.” Therefore, Hosea said, “Who has brought this about for you? [It was] because you did not heed Him, (in Hos. 9:17), ‘My God will reject them because they did not heed Him.’” It is also written (in Deut. 28:65), “And among those nations you shall find no peace. Another interpretation (of Lev. 26:3, 4, 14, 19) “If you walk in My statutes…, then I will give you your rains in their season…. But if you do not heed Me…. I will make your heavens like iron”: It also says so (in Hag. 1:10), “For that reason the heavens over you have withheld dew, and the earth has withheld its produce.” Because of your sins, the nations are also afflicted. R. Joshua ben Levi said, “If the nations had known that they are afflicted because of the sins of Israel, they would have raised two armies²Gk.: stratiai. to guard each and every person of Israel in order that they keep the Torah and not sin. However, it was not enough for the nations that they were not watching over Israel, but in addition they stopped them from [fulfilling] the commandments.” As when Israel sins, all the whole world is afflicted, as stated (in Hag. 1:10), “For that reason the heavens over you have withheld dew.” But if [the Israelites] do not sin, all the world is blessed on their account, as stated (in Gen. 26:4), “and through your seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed.” The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Moses (in Exod. 20:19-20), “You yourselves have seen that I spoke with you from the heavens. Along with Me you shall not make gods of silver, nor shall you make for yourselves gods of gold.” So if you sin [and pray to me], I will not answer you, as stated (in Zech. 7:13), “And it came to pass that, as He called, and they did not heed; ‘So let them call, and I will not heed,’ [says the Lord of hosts].” Therefore (according to Exod. 20:20), “Along with Me you shall not make gods of silver.”

[(Lev. 26:3:) IF YOU WALK IN MY STATUTES….] This text is related (to Hos. 9:17): GOD³Eloah. Cf. the Masoretic Text, which reads elohay (MY GOD). WILL REJECT THEM BECAUSE THEY DID NOT HEED HIM. The Holy One said: I have said that you would be set in security, as stated (in Amos 9:15): AND WHEN I PLANT THEM IN THEIR LAND, [THEY SHALL NEVER AGAIN BE UPROOTED]….⁴Tanh., Lev. 10:2. When? (Lev.: 26:3, 5:) IF YOU WALK IN MY STATUTES…. YOU SHALL EAT YOUR FILL OF BREAD < AND DWELL SECURELY IN YOUR LAND >. I have so counseled, but you did not so act. Instead (according to II Kings 17:9): THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL ATTRIBUTED THINGS WHICH WERE NOT RIGHT < TO THE LORD THEIR GOD: THEY BUILT THEMSELVES HIGH PLACES IN ALL THEIR CITIES >…. I have also set upon you things which I did not write in the Torah. It is so stated (in Deut. 28:61): MOREOVER < THE LORD WILL BRING UPON YOU > EVERY DISEASE AND EVERY PLAGUE WHICH IS NOT WRITTEN IN {THIS BOOK OF THE TORAH} [THE BOOK OF THIS TORAH]. Now surely [if] you have set [things] on me which were not < right > by me, just as Isaiah said (in Is. 1:4): THEY HAVE FORSAKEN THE LORD; do not say: THEY HAVE FORSAKEN ('ZBW) < ME >, but: They, as it were, have made me worth forsaking ('YZBW) (i.e., caused me to be cruel). Now I was called (in Exod. 34:6): A MERCIFUL AND GRACIOUS GOD, SLOW TO ANGER, but through their sins I have become cruel and changed my nature, as stated (in Lam. 2:5): THE LORD HAS BECOME LIKE AN ENEMY. It also says (in Is. 63:10): SO HE WAS TURNED INTO THEIR ENEMY. Therefore, Hosea says: Who has brought this about for you? < It was > because you did not heed him, as stated (in Hos. 9:17): {GOD} [MY GOD] WILL REJECT THEM BECAUSE THEY DID NOT HEED HIM. [It is also written] (in Deut. 28:65): AND AMONG THOSE NATIONS YOU SHALL FIND NO PEACE.